![]() The Khitan leader Liu-ke had declared his allegiance to Genghis in 1212 and conquered Manchuria from the Jin. While Genghis Khan headed southward, his general Jebe travelled even further east into Manchuria and captured Mukden (present-day Shenyang). When they fell for the Mongol army's trap, the Mongols would kill them and take their animals. They would pass through towns to draw their opponent away from their animals. The Mongols learnt at an early age to always fight on the move. At this engagement, fought at Yehuling, the Mongols massacred thousands of Jin troops. Instead, he sent a messenger to the Mongol side, Shimo Ming'an, who promptly defected and told the Mongols that the Jin army was waiting on the other side of the pass. There, Wanyan Jiujin, the Jin field commander, made a tactical mistake in not attacking the Mongols at the first opportunity. The first important battle between the Mongol Empire and the Jin dynasty was the Battle of Yehuling at a mountain pass in Zhangjiakou which took place in 1211. When the Mongols invaded Jin territory in 1211, Ala 'Qush, the chief of the Ongut, supported Genghis Khan and showed him a safe road to the Jin dynasty's heartland. When the conquest of the Tangut-led Western Xia empire started, there were multiple raids between 1207–1209. ![]() How can we fear you?" Mongol conquest under Genghis Khan Wanyan Yongji, angry on hearing how Genghis Khan behaved, sent the message to the Khan that "Our Empire is like the sea yours is but a handful of sand. At the dawn on the fourth day, Genghis Khan emerged with the verdict: "The Eternal Blue Sky has promised us victory and vengeance". He explained that he had not sought this war against the Jurchens. He removed his hat and belt, bowed down before the Eternal Sky, and recounted the generations of grievances his people held against the Jurchens and detailed the torture and murder of his ancestors. The Khan prayed privately on a nearby mountain. By organising a long discussion, everyone in the community was included in the process. Īfter Genghis Khan returned to the Kherlen River, in early 1211, he summoned a kurultai. Temujin was infuriated about their bullying and insults and as a consequence of this attacked the frontier. The Tatars fled and concealed themselves in the sandy deserts and the hatred entered into the marrow of their bones. Moreover, every year when their country came to present tribute they would receive their rituals and offerings outside of the passes and then would drive them away, not allowing them to enter the border. Today, among the great ministers of the Tatars, many were among those captured at that time and have lived within the state of Jin. Every three years he would dispatch troops to the north to destroy and kill, and called it 'decreasing the number of fighting men.' Up to now, the people of the Central Plain are all able to remember this, saying: 'Twenty years ago in Shandong and Hebei, what house did not buy a Tatar to be a young slave?' All of these were those captured by soldiers. When the Tatars were in their original countries, during the Jin caitiff's Dading period there was a rumor spoken in Yanjing and the Kitan areas saying: 'The Tatars come, the Tatars go, they'll chase His Lordship 'till he has nowhere to go!' The Chieftain of Ge, Yong, happened to hear of it and said in astonishment: 'Surely this means the Tatar people will bring disaster to my country!' and handed down a proclamation to the farthest frontiers and wastes to mobilize troops to destroy them. The Jin dynasty also conducted regular punitive expeditions against the Mongol nomads, either enslaving or killing them. Emperor Xizong of the Jin dynasty had ordered Ambaghai executed by crucifixion (nailed to a wooden mule). The Tatars eventually captured Khabul's successor, Ambaghai, and handed him over to the Jin imperial court. When the Mongols were unified under Khabul in the 12th century, the Jurchens encouraged the Tatars to destroy them, but the Mongols were able to drive Jin forces out of their territory. The Jurchen rulers of the Jin dynasty collected tribute from some of the nomadic tribes living on the Mongol steppes and encouraged rivalries among them.
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